Журнал «Агропромышленные технологии Центральной России»

BIOLOGIZATION OF AGRICULTURE, AS A FACTOR OF INCREASING THE FERTILITY OF SOILS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF FODDER SEEDS

One of the most acute problems of recent years in the agriculture of the Non-chernozem zone is the decrease in soil fertility. The main reason for this is the formation of a large part of the crop due to soil nutrition elements and not replenishment of their fertilizers. In the prevailing economic and economic conditions, from the possible directions of the development of agriculture, which ensure the improvement of soils and the stabilization of the development of the agricultural sector at a certain level, the most accessible and environmentally safe is the direction that is based on the biologization of agriculture. Its essence for local conditions has the following purposes: to maximize and rationally use the bioclimatic potential in the formation of the harvest (sun energy, precipitation, the duration of the growing season, the resources of cultivated plants and soil biota, their environment-improving properties). In this connection, studies were carried out to optimize the fertility of soils, increase yields and improve the quality of fodder crop rotations with corn by rational use of biological nitrogen for legumes and mineral fertilizers. Traditionally, in the Non-chernozem zone, an effective increase in the yield of green mass of maize is inextricably linked with the improvement of nitrogen nutrition of plants due to fertilizers. Currently, in the agriculture of this zone of nitrogen is introduced in an insufficient amount of 20-25 kg / ha, with an average demand of 60 kg / ha. Therefore, the role of biological nitrogen is extremely important in solving this problem. One of the most effective medium-improving cultures with high nitrogen-fixing capacity is white clover. About 75-78% of the nitrogen accumulated in its mass is biological nitrogen. Also, the clover is important in the livestock feed balance. In addition, it forms a powerful root system, enriched with nutrients, which positively affects the fertility of the soil. This is evidenced by our research on the use of sweet clover as a precursor of corn in a crop rotation. Compared to the monoculture of maize, it stabilizes the acidity of the soil, improves its food regime and significantly increases the yield and quality of the green mass of maize, reduces the cost of using mineral fertilizers to 50%, and ensures the production of feeds more balanced by protein and sugar.

Key words:
biology of agriculture; leguminous crops; symbiotic nitrogen; mineral fertilizers; yield; product quality