Журнал «Филоlogos»

FROM THE HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF THE YAKUT HEROIC EPIC OLONKHO (XVIII - THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURIES)

Author: Ivanov V.N., Koryakina A.F., Anisimov R.N.

The study of the Yakut heroic epic olonkho passed a complex path of development: the movement from the identification of empirical facts to scientific generalizations and the creation of a specialized scientific research institute of Olonkho characterizes the position of the attitude of the society to the national epic and the use of its potential in the interests of the same society. This article considers the initial period of the study history of the Yakut heroic epic Olonkho for the period from the 18th century to the beginning of XX century; the origin of knowledge about olonkho and their transformation into scientific knowledge are traced: the achievements of researchers as Y.I. Lindenau are analyzed, who for the first time recorded the existence of the Yakut "legend", in which one can catch the elements of the epic narrative about the creation of the world, meteors and the world end; A.F. Middendorf, who wrote in a condensed form and published in 1878 the beginning of the olonkho "Eriedal Bergen" in his own translation into Russian; O.N. Betlingh, who published olonkho "Er Sogotokh" in the German translation; R.K. Maak, who introduced into scientific circulation the correct name of the Yakut epic: "a fairy tale - in Yakut language olongho"; I.A. Khudyakov, who recorded and translated the epic texts of the Verkhoyansk Sakha, which designated the Yakut epic as "Olonkho - the theater of one person"; V.L. Seroshevsky, who singled out in his work "The Yakuts. The experience of ethnographic research "olonkho as the most established and finished form of the Yakut folk art, which revealed in it the eternal conflict of good and evil, and also defined the style peculiarity of the olonkho language; E.K. Pekarsky, who made the textological work of the Yakut epic and published 5 large olonkhos in the "Samples of Yakut folk literature" with observance of the scientific requirements of the records and publications of that time; S.V. Yastremsky, who translated the monuments of olonkho and considered the subjects, images, language and style of olonkho. The lasting merit of all these researchers is that they took part in the interpretation of the olonkho phenomenon from the point of view of science and social practice of its times.