Журнал «Филоlogos»

LYRICAL GENRE "ABOUT THE HERO'S CHILDHOOD": MNEMONIC STRUCTURE AND POETIC ATTRIBUTES

Author: Zhilyakov S.V.

The article explores the lyrical genre "about the childhood of the hero". The need to substantiate its theoretical nature has been overdue for a long time, at least because of the little study. The second, factual, reason for paying closer attention to it is the understanding that even despite the absence of any definite place in the genre thesaurus, "about the childhood of the hero" has all the obvious signs of the genre as a separate and at the same time integral utterance, having its own attitude to the world, a specific ideological and thematic orientation characteristic of it chronotope, a subjective way of organizing lyrical speech, etc. In the course of the study, using the examples of poems of Russian literature, it turns out that the appearance of the genre under study is genetically due to the poetic "memory", autobiography, elegy, as well as idyll - literary forms united by mnemonic reflection and in various forms and modifications included in and participating in its structure. The external factors that determine the emergence of the genre should include those socio-cultural and ideological changes that developed in the XVIII century, which served as an incentive to isolate the world of childhood into an equally independent phenomenon, as well as other spheres of human activity. The indicated conditions of existence and the reasons for the appearance of the genre poem "about the childhood of the hero" contributed to the emergence of some distinctive and unique features of the following, the presence of which makes it possible to identify him. Firstly, the lyrical structure contains motifs of the above genres, among which the presence on a permanent basis has a "memory" and an autobiography due to the specifics of their fundamental importance for retrospective reflection. Secondly, the figurative system and its pictorial hypostasis are expressed mainly by vegetative components with their characteristic meanings of renewal, birth and emergence, which in turn correlates with the genre theme. Also, the poetics of the poem often uses the element of light and its derivatives, allusions to cosmogonic plots that tune the perceiving consciousness to the appropriate natal setting. In addition, the idyllic setting, the nostalgic mood of the lyrical hero, the organization of the chronotope coordinated with this emotional background have a positive attitude to the performance of the genre task, and sound and syntactic repetitions perform the task of representing the rapidly changing dynamics of the reception of the world by the child's consciousness, at the immanent-mnemonic level, as if imitating the progressive-reversible movement of the child in the direction of birth.

Key words:
poetic "memory"; genre motif; poetics; idyll; elegy; chronotope; birth; vegetative images