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ЕГУ им. И.А. Бунина

Журнал «История: факты и символы»

Выпуск №3 (24) (2020)

Оглавление выпуска

УДК 008
DOI 10.24888/2410-4205-2020-24-3-124-135

RESEARCHING SIMULATIONS OF THE PAST: HISTORICAL RE-ENACTMENT AS AN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE

Автор(ы): Горбачев В. И.

Историческая реконструкция проделала долгий путь от карнавалов и исторических шествий и празднеств, уходящих корнями в Средние века, через хобби военных постановок и любителей «живой истории» до научного экспериментально-археологического метода, а теперь и самостоятельной академической дисциплины, провозглашенной таковой в самом начале 2020 года. Предметом научных исследований исторические симуляции - материальные (костюмы, снаряжение, жилища, физические объекты и артефакты) и нематериальные (значимые события, технологии, традиции, культы) являются уже около 40 лет. Академический интерес к теме растет все более активно и давно вышел за рамки практической или публичной истории, музеологии, наук о наследии, антропологии и философии, создав все предпосылки для выделения этого научного предмета в специальную дисциплину. В данной статье автор предпринимает попытку проследить историографию исторической реконструкции как науки, ответить на вопрос, что она собой представляет, каков её предмет изучения, методические принципы, понятийный аппарат, и какую роль она занимает в системе академических дисциплин. Последнее время историческая реконструкция привлекает пристальное академическое внимание. Она принята в качестве технологии наследия и представляет собой значительную часть особой дисциплины в «исследованиях по реконструкции». Многие элементы живой истории были хорошо изучены, а ее потенциал для «конструктивности» был тщательно оценен. Тем не менее, многочисленные аспекты его потенциала еще предстоит раскрыть. Обзор литературы также показывает, что исследования по реконструкции могут принести пользу подходу управления бизнесом, использовать термины индустрии наследия, изучить влияние клиентского обслуживания и экономию опыта на согласованную аутентичность в целом.

Ключевые слова
историческая реконструкция; живая история; историческое моделирование; подлинность; historical re-enactment; living history; historical simulation; authenticity

RESEARCHING SIMULATIONS OF THE PAST: HISTORICAL RE-ENACTMENT AS AN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE

Author: Gorbachev V. I.

Historical re-enactment (HR) has come a long way. From carnivals and pageants originating in Medieval Times, through a hobby for battlefield performers and activities by costumed societies to a scientific method of experimental archaeology, and now HR has become a distinct academic discipline, proclaimed in early 2020. Historical simulations - tangible costumes and associated material culture, habitats, artefacts and intangible culture (staged events, replicated technologies, traditions and cults) - have been an object of academic research for about 40 years. The scholarly interest has been growing and exceeded the scope of its initial field of applied and public history, museum and heritage studies, philosophy and anthropology, to now form an academic framework of its own. In this article the author tries to analyse the literature of the field and describe HR as an academic discipline, its object of research, methodology and key terms, and the spectrum of studies it is engaged with. To sum up, HR attracts careful academic attention. It is accepted as a heritage technology and constitutes a significant part of a distinctive discipline in ‘re-enactment studies’. Many elements of living history have been well explored, its potential for ‘constructedness’ or in Scott Magelssen term ‘3-D sandbox space’ has been carefully evaluated. However, numerous aspects of its potential are still to be revealed. The literature review also indicates that re-enactment studies can benefit a business management approach, to employ heritage industry terms, to explore the im-pact of client service and the experience economy on negotiated authenticity and HR in general as well as material culture studies, and could also contribute much in the development of the notion of ‘replica’ as a key concept of HR.

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