Журнал «Психология образования в поликультурном пространстве»
Выпуск №2 (66) (2024)
УДК 159.91
DOI 10.24888/2073-8439-2024-66-2-25-34
РОЛЬ ВЕСТИБУЛЯРНОГО СЛУХА В ВОСПРИЯТИИ РЕЧИ (ОБЗОР ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ)
В статье представлен обзор зарубежных исследований, посвященных участию вестибулярной системы в восприятии речи. Хотя долгое время считалось, что вестибулярная система вовлечена только в управление балансом и моторикой, появляется все больше данных о том, что она участвует в когнитивных процессах, таких как память, внимание, речь. Не вызывает сомнения тот факт, что слуховое восприятие необходимо для восприятия речи. Периферические отделы вестибулярного и слухового анализаторов анатомически тесно связаны. Но исследований о том, как вестибулярные органы влияют на слуховое восприятие, недостаточно. Эволюционно вестибулярный аппарат появился у животных значительно раньше, чем периферические органы слуха. Вестибулярный аппарат человека состоит из пяти парных отделов: трех полукружных каналов и двух отолитовых органов: утрикулюса (маточки) и саккулюса (мешочка). В процессе эволюции максимальным изменениям подверглись полукружные каналы человека и других млекопитающих. Способность регистрировать аудиторную информацию сохранилась только у одного из отделов вестибулярного аппарата - саккулюса. Вестибулярный (саккулярный) слух позволяет регистрировать низкочастотные звуки в диапазоне от 100 до 1000 Гц. Это помогает распознаванию речи, так как указанный частотный диапазон связан с восприятием интонации, границ слов, ударения. Саккулярный слух также помогает воспринимать речь в шуме. Данные о роли вестибулярного аппарата в восприятии речи полезны для всех специалистов, занимающихся речью. Способность саккулюса реагировать на звук используется для проведения инструментальной диагностики вестибулярной системы - цервикальных вестибулярных миогенных вызванных потенциалов (цВМВП).
Ключевые слова
вестибулярная система; саккулюс; речь; восприятие речи; вестибулярная функция; речь в шуме; развитие детей; отолитовые органы; слуховое восприятие; цервикальные вестибулярные миогенные вызванные потенциалы
THE ROLE OF VESTIBULAR HEARING IN SPEECH PERCEPTION (REVIEW OF FOREIGN RESEARCH)
The article presents a review of foreign studies on the participation of the vestibular system in speech perception. Although for a long time it was believed that the vestibular system is involved only in the management of balance and motor skills, there is increasing evidence that it is involved in cognitive processes such as memory, attention, and speech. There is no doubt that auditory perception is necessary for speech perception. The peripheral parts of the vestibular and auditory analyzers are anatomically closely related. But there is not enough research on how vestibular organs affect auditory perception. Evolutionarily, the vestibular apparatus appeared in animals much earlier than the peripheral hearing organs. The human vestibular apparatus consists of five paired sections: three semicircular canals and two otolith organs - the utriculus and sacculus. In the process of evolution, the semicircular canals of humans and other mammals underwent maximum changes. The ability to register auditory information was preserved only in one of the parts of the vestibular apparatus - sacculus. Vestibular (saccular) hearing allows us to register low-frequency sounds in the range from 100 to 1000 Hz. This helps speech perception, as this frequency range is associated with the perception of intonation and other prosodic components of the utterance. Saccular hearing also helps speech perception in noise. Data on the role of the vestibular apparatus in speech perception are useful for all speech and language specialists. The ability of the sacculus to respond to sound is used for instrumental diagnostics of the vestibular system - cervical vestibular myogenic evoked potentials (cVEMP).
Key words:
vestibular system; sacculus; speech; speech perception; vestibular function; speech in noise; child development; otolith organs; auditory perception; cervical vestibular myogenic evoked potentials (cVEMP)
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