Журнал «Психология образования в поликультурном пространстве»

SCIENTIFIC BASES OF ETHNOCULTURAL EDUCATION OF PRESCHOOL AND JUNIOR SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN: HISTORICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECT

Author: Pleteneva I.F., Chuikova J.V.

Current national educational policy is aimed at preserving and developing national and cultural heritage of each of the peoples inhabiting the territory of the Russian Federation. In this context, the process of implementing ethnocultural education through established specific scientific approaches that are implemented in the system of general and preschool education is topical. Special attention is paid to the issues of ethnocultural development in the period of preschool and primary school age. These age periods are crucial in the process of children’s formation of national identity, tolerance, culture of interethnic communication. The article analyzes the scientific foundations of ethnocultural education of pre-school and primary school age: scientific approaches, principles, content, implementation technologies. Special attention is paid to the historical and pedagogical analysis of ethnocultural education, its formation in the national education. The article analyzes the scientific and practical activities of famous teachers and public figures of the XIX - early XX centuries. (K.D. Ushinsky, P.F. Kapterev, N.I. Ilminsky, S.I. Gessen, S.T. Shatskii, et al.), who studied ethno-cultural traditions of personality education and polyethnic values of other peoples inhabiting the territory of Russia, who can be regarded as the founders of ethnocultural education at primary school. In the Soviet period, despite ideological attitudes, one of the important tasks of educating children of preschool and primary school age was international education aimed at developing trust and friendship among peoples. The author points to the studies of such scientists as M.K. Abdullatipov, Yu.V. Bromley, L.P. Bueva, M.S. Kagan et al, who laid the scientific foundations of ethnocultural education. The founder of national ethno-pedagogy as a science is G.N. Volkov, who grounded the pedagogical conception created on the ethnocultural traditions of the people. The article also reveals modern scientific approaches to ethnocultural education of children, realized in the system of lifelong education: at preschool and school stages of education (G.N. Volkov, V.F. Afanasyev, T.N. Petrova, A.B. Afanasyeva, U.A. Vinokurova, A.D. Semenova and et al). The author points to the realization of the scientific foundations of ethnocultural education in its content at preschool and junior school age. The scientific foundations of ethnocultural education are considered by modern researchers in the process of developing and implementing author's conceptual models for primary school and partial programs for preschool education. The results of the research show that the content, methods and technologies of implementation of ethnocultural education, the development of software and teaching and methodological equipment at the stage of preschool and primary school age require specification and improvement.